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Marketcap (or market capitalization ) is a financial metric that represents the total market value of a company listed on the stock exchange. It is calculated by multiplying the company's current share price by the total number of shares outstanding . Marketcap = Share Price × Number of Shares Outstanding Typical classification of companies based on market cap: Small cap : up to US$ 2 billion. Mid cap : between US$2 billion and US$10 billion. Large cap : above US$ 10 billion. It is worth noting that Nvidia has experienced impressive growth, reaching a market value of US$3 trillion after announcing a deal with a Saudi Arabian technology company, which has positioned it among the global leaders. Sources: BEAUTIFULCOMPARISON. Richest Companies 2025 . Available at: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32O4lu4jUpg > Accessed on: May 21, 2025 . BUSINESS INSIDER. Watch out, Apple. ChatGPT and Chipotle have joined the list of the world's most valuable brands. Available at: < https://www.businessinsider.com > Accessed on: May 21, 2025. COMPANIESMARKEDCAP. Largest Companies by Marketcap. Available at: < https://companiesmarketcap.com/ > Accessed on: May 21, 2025. OpenAI. Response obtained from ChatGPT about Markedcap . Available at < https://chat.openai.com > Accessed on: May 21, 2025.

Experience the mesmerizing view from the International Space Station (ISS) as it orbits Earth at 240 miles above our planet. Enjoy live and pre-recorded footage from NASA's ISS live stream, featuring astronauts from NASA, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe. The words 'LIVE NOW' appear in the top left corner during live feeds. Be aware, the ISS enters a 45-minute night period during each orbit when live footage is unavailable. In these intervals, we showcase recorded footage. For more information about the ISS and its journey into Earth's dark side, visit: http://www.nasa.gov

Dynamic live show from the Port of Miami, USA. It is the largest cruise port in the world and is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and "Cargo Port of the Americas." Miami has the most cruise line headquarters in the world, home to Carnival Cruise Line , Celebrity Cruises , Norwegian Cruise Line , Oceania Cruises and Royal Caribbean International . Enjoy the magnificent view of boat traffic, majestic cruise ships and busy cargo ships. You can also see the rhythmic flow of Florida East Coast Railway ( FEC ) intermodal rail traffic. Sources: Cruise Ships Live and Wikipedia .

Two days ago, hundreds of drones in a coordinated action projected the image of Our Lady of Aparecida, patron saint of Brazil, next to her son, Christ the Redeemer, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The beautiful image generated was an initiative of the producer of the film Aparecida , an independent production about the story of the country's most beloved saint, which will be shown in movie theaters across Brazil. Sources: CANÇÃO NOVA. Christ the Redeemer projects image of Our Lady in honor of mothers . Available at: < https://noticias.cancaonova.com > Accessed on 11 May 2025. TIME. Our Lady of Aparecida is projected in front of her son, Christ the Redeemer. Available at: < https://www.otempo.com.br > Accessed on 11 May 2025.

“You may never know what results come of your actions, but if you do nothing, there will be no result.” ." Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

ELECTRIC LOVE FESTIVAL 2024 - OPENING CEREMONY Relive the Electric Love Festival 2024 Opening Ceremony and be taken back to this emotional 16-minutes show. Electric Love is an electronic music festival held annually since 2013. It takes place in July at Salzburgring in Plainfeld , Austria . Headliners included Armin van Buuren , Hardwell , Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike , David Guetta , Martin Garrix , Axwell , Sebastian Ingrosso , Tiësto . According to EMF Magazine , Electric Love is "Austria's leading electronic music festival". Produced by Salzburg artists @DanLeeDJ and @RageModeMusic. Featuring live performances by the Philharmonie Salzburg, Christina Ortmeier, a brass band, Dan Lee on electronic guitar, Manuel Pink on drums, the Bakip Borromäum choir and dancer Luwam Russom with FS/TR's FLYING LIGHTS. ELECTRIC LOVE FESTIVAL 2025 📆 July 3 – 5, 2025 🕺 Warm-up Party July 2nd 📍 Salzburgring, Austria ⛺️ 3 Campsites + 4 days of camping 🏩 Exclusive Electric Love Festival Hotels 🎫 Ticket Shop SOURCES: ELECTRIC LOVE FESTIVAL. Opening ceremony of the Electric Love Festival 2024. Available at: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3BvNyw0BJk > Accessed on: March 13, 2025. WIKIPEDIA. Electric Love . Available at < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Love > Accessed on: March 13, 2025.

Astronomy is often described as the oldest science, given the fascination that the universe has always exerted on people of all ages and cultures. Astronomy rrently uses sophisticated technology and is considered one of the most modern and dynamic sciences. One of the organizations that greatly contributes to the advancement of Astronomy is   ESO , European Southern Observatory, a prominent intergovernmental science and technology organization in astronomy. A helps scientists from all over the world discover the secrets of the Universe, which consequently benefits the entire society . Founded in 1962, headquartered in Garching, Germany ESO develops an ambitious program focused on  design , construction and operation of powerful observatories and promotes and organizes cooperations in astronomical research. On its website, ESO informs that it has more than 750 employees from around 30 countries and countless collaborators from all over the world. There are more than 22,000 users from around 130 different countries, who have access to services, technology and data.   ESO operates three observatories in the Atacama Desert in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. LA SILLA OBSERVATORY O  La Silla ,_first ESO observatory to come into operation in the late 1960s, it is located on the La Silla mountain, at an altitude of 2350 m, 600 km north of Santiago de Chile. It is equipped with several optical telescopes. The mirrors have a diameter of up to 3.6 meters. ESO's main optical instruments in La Silla are a 3.6 m reflector, opened in 1976; the 3.5 m New Technology Telescope (NTT), opened in 1989; a 2.2 m reflector jointly owned by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, opened in 1984. 2009 and is now operated by Yale University.  Instruments at La Silla owned by individual nations include a 1.54 m Danish reflector opened in 1979 and the 1.2 m Leonhard Euler telescope owned by the Geneva Observatory, opened in 2000 . Credit: ESO . Directed by: Nico Bartmann. Editing: Nico Bartmann. Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Laura Hiscott and Calum Turner. Music: John Stanford — The Edge ( johnstanfordmusic.com ). Footage and photos: ESO, G. Hüdepohl ( atacamaphoto.com ), L. Calçada, J. Pérez, Liam Young/Unknown Fields. Scientific consultant: Paola Amico and Mariya Lyubenova. Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen. CERRO PARANAL OBSERVATORY The ESO observatory in Cerro Paranal is situated on a mountain in the northern part of the Atacama Desert in Chile . VLT-Very Large Telescope , one of the most advanced systems in the world, consisting of four Main Telescopes with main mirrors measuring 8.2 m in diameter and four mobile Auxiliary Telescopes measuring 1.8 m in diameter. This is the trailer for the Very Large Telescope (VLT), located in Paranal, Chile. Credit: ESO Footage and photos: ESO, C. Malin ( christophmalin.com ) ,  Liam Young , B. Tafreshi ( twanight.org ), G. Hüdepohl ( atacamaphoto.com ), F. Kamphues, G. Lombardi ( glphoto.it ), S. Gillessen, F. Char, H. Zodet and Y. Beletsky ( LCO ). Music by  Movetwo . THE ESO CERRO PARANAL HOTEL Under the summit, at a At a height of around 2,400 meters, you will find the Hotel ESO no Cerro Paranal. It has housed the Paranal Observatory in Chile since 2002. It is mainly used for scientists and ESO engineers who work there in a scale system, which houses them in stays. The ESO Hotel at Cerro Paranal  has been called a "guesthouse on Mars", because the desert surroundings are similar to Mars and an "Oasis for astronomers" . It is not a commercial hotel, and the public cannot reserve rooms. For the relatively short time of your stays under weather conditions extremes – intense sun, extreme dryness, high wind speeds, large temperature fluctuations and the danger of earthquakes – the hotel was built in  place far from the civilization where they can relax and rest between strenuous work phases. The exterior of the hotel was featured in the 2008 film 007, Quantum of Solace , in which the structure was portrayed as a fictional eco-hotel in Bolivia. A miniature of the hotel was built by the visual effects team for the scenes in which the hotel, in the film, is destroyed by fire. ESO Paranal and the ESO Cerro Paranal Hotel were the film set for 007, "Quantum of Scolace" Credit: ESO Visual design and editing: Martin Kornmesser and Luis Calçada. Cinematography: Peter Rixner. Editing: Herbert Zodet. Web and technical support: Lars Holm Nielsen and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Henri Boffin, Lee Pullen and Lars Lindberg Christensen. Host: Dr. J. Narration: Lee Pullen. Music: Paulo Raimundo; lcg//moulinex. Footage and photos: Sony Pictures, EON Productions Ltd., QUANTUM OF SOLACE / © 2008 Danjaq, United Artists, CPII., 007 TM and related James Bond Trademarks, TM Danjaq & ESO. Directed by: Lars Lindberg Christensen. CHAJNANTOR OBSERVATORY The Chajnantor Observatory is operated by Caltech - California Institute of Technology in collaboration with the University of Chile and the University of Concepción and is located at an altitude of 5080 meters (16700 feet) in the Andes Mountains in northern Chile. The high, dry Chajnantor plateau is one of the best places in the world for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy. The first observatory instrument, the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) is housed in a retractable dome that provides some protection from rain, snow and wind. On most days, the wind in Chajnantor peaks in the late afternoon at around 15 m/s (30 mph). Under these conditions, cold is a serious problem, but the dome provides a sheltered workspace where it is possible to  repair and maintain the CBI. The dome is a hemispherical steel structure covered with polyester fabric, housed in a wall 2 m high and 10.5 m in diameter. The CBI and its dome require concrete support plates, but this is the only construction work on the site. All other installations are in ISO standard shipping containers placed directly on the ground. This modest approach to site infrastructure reduces costs, reduces maintenance burden and has a very low impact on the environment. Observatory facilities include a control room, laboratory, mechanical workshop, power plant, two workrooms/bedrooms and a bathroom – all inside the shipping containers. To counteract the effects of high altitude, the air in working and living areas is enriched with oxygen (using molecular sieves to separate oxygen from air), and people who work outside can use portable oxygen tanks with demand regulators when needed to improve efficiency and safety. The power plant and fuel tanks are located about 100 m east of the CBI; Average power consumption for the site is around 100 kW and the plant has a pair of diesel generators rated for 150 kW at 5000 m. The base facilities are located at Residencia Don Esteban, in the historic oasis town of San Pedro de Atacama, at an altitude of 2500 m. These include bedrooms, kitchen, conference room and computer room. The observatory is partially supported by SAINT , Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies, a consortium formed by twelve institutions: the California Institute of Technology This consortium was formed for studies and research into fundamental problems in physics which can be resolved by observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and research into a variety of new astrophysical planes. Below see the trailer for ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. A state-of-the-art telescope that studies light with wavelengths of around one millimeter, emitted by some of the coldest objects in the Universe, ALMA is a cooperation of the European Observatory do Sul (ESO), together with its international partners. The ALMA site is the Chajnantor plateau, 5000 m above sea level, in northern Chile, one of the driest places on Earth. Credit: ESO ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), C. Malin ( christophmalin.com ), P. Horálek, Liam Young, B. Tafreshi ( twanight.org ), J. J. Tobin (University of Oklahoma/Leiden University), M. Kaufman, Theofanis N. Matsopoulos, H. H. Heyer, S Argandoña and H. Zodet. Music by Movetwo. ESO undoubtedly has a sophisticated technological structure and, with its 61 years of existence, a natural curiosity would be to know some of its main scientific results, which will be seen below. TEN SPACE DISCOVERIES FROM THE ESO OBSERVATORY, BY ELIZABETH HOWELL , SPACE.COM 1.OBSERVING THE COSMOS Since the first telescope began operating in 1966, ESO has brought about many changes in the way we perceive the Universe. Astronomers observed the acceleration of the Universe as it expanded and learned more about what the young Universe looked like. ESO telescopes have also taken photographs of distant planets and helped measure the weight of gigantic stars. 2. FIRST ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF PLUTO AND CHARON (1986) By observing the light curve of Pluto and its moon Charon during eclipses with ESO La Silla telescopes, astronomers were able to reduce the size of both objects. Pluto, then considered a planet, has a diameter of approximately 1367 miles (2200 kilometers). Its largest moon, Charon, has been measured at about 721 miles (1160 kilometers). 3.PIONEERING IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS (1989) ESO was one of the first observatories to test "adaptive optics", a technique used to make corrections for turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. A telescopic mirror, connected to a computer, automatically adjusts as the atmosphere flexes. This allows light to reach the telescope with greater precision – meaning we can see further into space. Adaptive optics is a standard technique used today. 4.EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE ACCELERATING (1998) By studying the brightness of stellar explosions, researchers have discovered that the universe is not just expanding, but accelerating as it grows. Telescopes at ESO and other observatories, including the Hubble Space Telescope, have determined this through measurements of Type Ia supernovae. The main discoverers were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. 5.CONFIRMING THE UNIVERSE'S HOT PAST (2000) Researchers were able to obtain the temperature of the Big Bang echo – cosmic microwave background radiation – from when the universe was just 2.5 billion years old. An ESO telescope has taken spectrum measurements of a quasar, which is a bright, distant galaxy powered by a huge black hole. The quasar's glow showed that the universe was hotter than it is now. 6.THE BLUEEST YEARS IN THE UNIVERSE (2003) From observations with ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers discovered the color of the young universe, 2.5 billion years old, was much bluer than it is today because it was full of young, blue stars. Because blue stars emit more light than ancient stars — and the universe has as much light now as in the past — the findings suggest that there were fewer stars in the early years of the universe. 7. CONNECTING GAMMA RAYS WITH SUPERNOVAS (2003) After a gamma-ray burst shone in the constellation Leo on March 29, 2003, Australian and Japanese telescopes detected a bright light source in the same location within 90 minutes. ESO telescopes then captured the first spectrum of the object. They discovered that this large supernova or "hypernova" was 2.65 billion light years away, and were able to link it to the gamma-ray burst. 8.THE GREATEST STAR OF ALL TIME (2010) The biggest star ever, R136a1 is 165,000 light-years away from Earth and more than twice the size scientists thought stars could get. This magnificent discovery was made possible using ESO's Very Large Telescope and confirmed with archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope. 9. FIRST DIRECT SPECTRUM OF AN EXOPLANET (2010) Scientists used ESO's Very Large Telescope to detect the chemical composition of a planet about 130 light-years from Earth. This planet is about 10 times the size of Jupiter, with a surface temperature of 1472 degrees Fahrenheit (800 degrees Celsius). This was the first time the spectrum was observed from direct observations of a planet. 10.EARTH-SIZED PLANET FOUND IN NEXT STAR SYSTEM (2012) A planet with approximately the same mass as Earth has been discovered near Alpha Centauri B, which is part of a three-star system just 4.3 light-years from Earth. An ESO telescope at La Silla detected the planet by measuring the star's wobbles. The planet is causing Alpha Centauri B to move back and forth at 1.1 miles (1.8 kilometers) per hour, the same speed as a crawling baby . THE INNOVATIVE ELT The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)   from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is a revolutionary ground-based telescope that will have a 39-meter main mirror and will be the world's largest telescope for visible and infrared light: the world's largest eye on the sky. Construction of this technically complex project, which began 9 years ago, is progressing at a good pace, with the ELT now surpassing the 50% completion mark. The telescope is located at the top of Cerro Armazones, in the desert of Atacama, Chile, where engineers and construction workers are currently assembling the telescope's dome structure at an impressive pace. Visibly changing every day, the steel structure will soon acquire the familiar round shape typical of telescope domes. As per the words of ESO Director General, Xavier Barcons, "The ELT is the largest of the next generation of optical and near-infrared telescopes based on land and what is most advanced in its construction. Reaching 50% completion is no small feat given the challenges inherent in large, complex projects, and it was only possible thanks to the commitment of everyone at ESO, the continued support of ESO Member States, and the involvement of our partners in industry and instrument consortia. I am extremely proud that ELT has reached this milestone." ESO ELT Video Credit: ESO . Directed by: Martin Wallner Editing: Martin Wallner Web and technical support: Gurvan Bazin and Raquel Yumi Shida Written by: Martin Wallner Consultants: Bárbara Ferreira, Michele Cirasuolo Music: Jon Kennedy – You, You and You Footage and photos: ESO, G. Hüdepohl ( atacamaphoto .com ), L. Calcada, M. Kornmesser, A. Tsaouis, M. Wallner, H. Zodet, SCHOTT, APICAL Acknowledgments: R. Parra, G. Vecchia, CIMOLAI, SCHOTT ESO Observatory: Science and Technology in Astronomy Sources: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Chajnantor Observatory . Available in < https://sites.astro.caltech.edu/chajnantor/ > Access at 25 dez.2023. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Chajnantor Observatory: Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies (SAINT) . Available in < https://sites.astro.caltech.edu/chajnantor/saint/ > Access at 25 dez.2023. EUROPEAN SUTHERN OBSERVATORY . Observatories La Silla, Chajnantor and Paranal . Available in < www.eso.org/public > Access at 25 dez.2023 HOWELL, Elizabeth. 10 Space Discoveries by the European Southern Observatory.  Available in < https://www.space.com/18665-european-southern-observatory-major-discoveries.html > Access at 26 dez.2023. JORNAL FOLHA DE S. PAULO – 19 set.2010 – página A22 OXFORD REFERENCE. La Silla Observatory. Available in < https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052390 > Access at 26 dez.2023. WIKIPÉDIA. ESO Hotel .   Available in < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESO_Hotel > Access at 26 dez.2023.

PISA, the International Program for Student Assessment, is a three-yearly, systematic, prospective and comparative assessment of international level, focused on the areas of Mathematics, Science and Language, for students between 15 years and three months of age and up to 16 years and two months of age. deity. Each cycle emphasizes one of the three areas mentioned, with the highlighted area of each cycle absorbing around 60% of the test questions and the other areas, 20% for each of them.   The area with the greatest weight in the PISA 2022 assessments was mathematics. PISA 2022 established an innovation in assessment, the creative thinking test. It focuses on the skills that 21st century students need as organizations and societies around the world rely on innovation and knowledge creation to meet emerging challenges. The PISA creative thinking test examined students' abilities to generate diverse and original ideas and to evaluate and improve ideas, in various contexts or "domains". The assessment included four domains: written expression, visual expression, social problem solving and scientific problem solving. In each of these domains, students engaged with open-ended tasks that did not have a single correct answer. They were asked to provide multiple and distinct responses, or to generate a response that was unconventional. These responses could take the form of a solution to a problem, a creative text, or a visual artifact. Stimulating creative thinking strengthens the ability to adapt in an increasingly complex and dynamic reality in which knowledge and the capacity for innovation can be decisive in finding solutions for a world in constant and rapid change. The assessment is promoted by the OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. It is an intergovernmental entity that aims to promote the economic and social development of its members, the industrialized countries. It should be noted, however, that participation in PISA is not restricted to OECD members, as it also includes guest countries. ​According to the Report “ PISA 2022 Results - The State of Learning and Equity in Education ", released in December/2023 by the OECD, the first report volume of a total of five report volumes presented , 690,000 students were assessed, representing 29 million students worldwide, from 81 countries and economies, in 2022. PISA is the first large-scale study to collect data on the performance, well-being and equity of students. students before and after the shutdowns and adversities caused by the  COVID-19 pandemic. According to the report, PISA 2022 is much more than educational excellence. It is also about equity in education, so that all students, regardless of background, can have a fair opportunity to reach their full potential. ​PISA is a powerful comparative source of international level in the educational area, which can greatly contribute to strengthening inclusive public educational policies for countries committed to developing good quality education, a fundamental step towards social transformation that allow for greater prosperity, labor and economic inclusion, as better-established basic education training is an important step towards generating future professionals who are better prepared to serve society in various areas of knowledge. The report concluded that, despite challenging circumstances, 31 countries and economies have managed to at least maintain their performance in mathematics since PISA 2018. Among these, Australia, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Switzerland have maintained or further increased their already high levels of achievement. performance of its students, with scores ranging from 487 to 575 points (OECD average 472). These countries presented converging aspects, such as a shorter school closure period, fewer obstacles to remote learning and continued support for students, from teachers and parents. Many countries have also made significant progress towards universal secondary education, which is critical to enabling equality of opportunity and full participation in the economy. Among them, Cambodia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Morocco, Paraguay and Romania have rapidly expanded education to previously marginalized populations over the past decade. Ten countries and economies recorded a large percentage of 15-year-olds with confirmed basic proficiency in math, reading and science with education that was highly equitable and provided high levels of socioeconomic justice: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Macau and the United Kingdom. The OECD report also points out that, across OECD countries, around three-quarters of students reported being confident in using various technologies, including learning management systems, school learning platforms and video communication programs. However, technology used for leisure rather than instruction, such as mobile phone technology, often appears to be associated with the worst outcomes. Students who reported that they are distracted by other students using digital devices in at least some math classes scored 15 points less than students who reported that this never or almost never happens. Support from teachers is particularly important in times of instability, namely through the provision of additional services, pedagogical and motivational support to students, according to PISA 2022. ​The systematic work of PISA, throughout its three-year applications, reinforces the resilience of educational systems in order to act from the perspective of growth in equal opportunities, which will certainly provide greater training and empowerment of young people to the success. Countries that are engaged and have the political will to reserve the space and importance it deserves for education are certainly aware and certain that this is the path to generation and longevity from an economic and social development perspective. Sources: CREATIVITYEXCHANGE. The PISA 2022 Creative Thinking Test . Bill Lucas explores the significance of the first global assessment of creative thinking. Available at < https://www.creativityexchange.org.uk/ideas-hub/the-pisa-2022-creative-thinking-test > Accessed on 22.Feb.2024. FACTSMAPS. PISA 2022. Worldwide Ranking . Disponível em < https://factsmaps.com/pisa-2022-worldwide-ranking-average-score-of-mathematics-science-and-reading/ > Acesso em 23.fev.2022. OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education , PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, Available at < https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en > Accessed on 19.feb.2024. WAISELFISZ, Julio Jacob. Science teaching in Brazil and PISA . Sangari from Brazil. 1st.Ed., 2009.

Game of Thrones fans, get ready for an unforgettable musical journey! 🎶

Source: Audidicted

Heat waves, strong winds, torrential rains, in short, intense environmental events, which affect certain cities more frequently and, in addition, locations most affected by climate change, lack protected urban infrastructure installations of wires and cables to avoid the risk of falls energy, general damage and electrical shocks that can be fatal. As most of the risks in large cities are in overhead cables, taking power cables underground is an important measure. In more detail below, we can say that overhead electrical cable structures have considerable disadvantages. Overhead wires are much more sensitive to failure during storms than underground cables. The loss of electrical energy causes major economic disruptions. The cost of maintaining and repairing damaged lines is often borne by utility company customers. Overhead wires have sparked many of the disastrous fires that have devastated large areas, which have been reported in the press in recent years, causing loss of life and property. This is because sparks from OHL (overhead lines) are routinely identified as the cause of fires in dry areas. When extreme weather events occur, first responders must deal with downed and exposed high-voltage power lines, a major hazard associated with the adversity of power loss, while trying to deal with medical emergencies. Removing these threats makes it easier for emergency teams to save lives. The risk of contact by passers-by with downed wires in cities can cause exposure to intense electrical discharges with a risk of death. But you would be wrong to imagine that the search for a better solution to the problems arising from overhead electrical wires is recent. Long ago, many countries made investments in urban infrastructure using underground cables and, to this day, enjoy significant benefits. The pioneering experience in the news took place 134 years ago, in 1890, with the first successful installation carried out by Vincent de Ferranti, using his famous 10,000 volt concentric cable, in the United Kingdom. Underground utilization is the most comprehensive and effective solution to reducing the impact of utility wires. The practice is common in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and England, which, in addition to the natural beauty they offer, took care and precaution to guarantee a “clean” and safe scenic view, with their wires and cables far from sight. and protected against adverse weather conditions, installed underground. But underground cabling efforts are not limited to the aforementioned countries. In Australia, for example, the Infrastructure Project entitled “Powering Sydney's Future” carried out through densely populated suburban areas, started from the observation that the electricity transmission networks that were built in the 1960s and 1970s and some underground cables, were approaching the end of their useful lives. As Sydney's population grew, demand for electricity increased and replacing aging infrastructure would ensure future supply for residents and businesses in Sydney and surrounding suburbs. Thus, in 2022, Australian energy company Transgrid completed the main construction works of the Powering Sydney's Future project. Although higher voltage lines tend to be tied to overhead cables, this does not mean that higher voltage cables are unfeasible underground in large cities. Aerial cables are installed much more easily compared to underground cables. It also has the benefit of open natural ventilation, which prevents cables from overheating. However, this does not mean that higher voltage cables are unfeasible underground in large cities (in areas of high energy consumption), which can coexist with the predominant lower voltage cables. Despite the closed underground environment, the tunnels can be cooled, improving the temperature conditions of the cables. In London, beneath its busy streets, there are miles of 8-foot-wide concrete tunnels lined with power distribution cables that can reach extremely high temperatures. To cool the tunnels, vertical shafts spaced every kilometer or two supply fresh air and eject hot air into the open air. UNDERGROUND CABLING STRUCTURE IN LONDON Researchers at London South Bank University (LSBU) , in 2019, developed a study with the aim of using this waste heat. A typical 1.8km stretch of tunnel between ventilation shafts produces 400 kilowatts of heat, enough to heat 100 homes or a small commercial office. This was discovered by researchers in a preliminary analysis carried out with the city's electricity grid operator, UK Power Networks. A project started in 2018 to provide underground cabling for London is underway. Scheduled to be completed and fully operational in 2027, London Power Tunnels Two is underway to build 32km of tunnels and two substations in north London – claimed to be the first major investment in the capital's electricity transmission system in over of half a century. Three meters in diameter, the tunnels have a lifespan of more than 100 years – although the high-voltage cables they carry will need to be replaced more regularly to meet future demand and facilitate the growth of entire systems across the city. This issue of changing high voltage cables, according to Lesur (2021), the current generation of underground systems requires less maintenance, and renovation is only necessary every 40 or 50 years, which is the specified useful life of a transmission line and cables are generally buried to a depth of 3 ft/0.9144 m for distribution networks, and 4 ft/1.2192 m or 5 ft/1.524 m for transmission networks. In terms of safety, there is no disturbance to the ground surface when a short circuit occurs or a very high amount of energy is released, because the ground contains the fault, states Lesur (2021), who also argues that the ground also protects against damage caused by third parties, as long as proper authorization procedures are followed before excavation, especially in urban areas. According to Lesur (2021), underground systems require very little maintenance, as the insulation is made of extruded plastic ¹ (a passive component). There is no fluid under pressure or potential leakage. Overhead lines, on the other hand, need monitoring and maintenance to avoid corrosion (frequent painting of metal supports) and require maintenance against weather risks (lightning strikes, storms, ice, sticky snow). Studies also show that losses dissipated due to heating by the Joule effect ² are smaller for underground cables due to the use of pure copper and aluminum, while aluminum and steel alloys are necessary for the mechanical strength of bare overhead conductors, according to Lesur (2021). It is worth mentioning that not only countries most affected by natural events should have the initiative to build infrastructure of underground wires and cables, but also cities that have used, to exhaustion, wire structures and overhead cables, suspended from poles. This reality has generated a series of adverse situations, such as tangled and fallen wires, due to accumulation on poles, risks of power outages and exposure to intense electrical discharges, which can affect passers- by with the risk of death. ACCUMULATION OF DISORDERED OVERHEAD WIRES, FALLEN AND CROSSING THE ROAD PHOTO: © high-techsociety.com By placing cabling underground, most of the harsh weather conditions that traditional transmission infrastructures are exposed to can be avoided. This largely refers to precipitation and windstorms, which can cause damage to overhead power lines directly or indirectly through falling trees, resulting in power outages. Underground cabling can alleviate the need for additional and more frequent investment in transmission infrastructure maintenance and repairs. Expected benefits include a more secure energy supply with fewer instances of weather-related power outages, while realizing long-term cost savings due to reduced maintenance and repairs, ensuring predictability for diverse business segments. Underground cable lines have many advantages and benefits over overhead lines and are gaining momentum for safety, reliability and cost-effectiveness. It is observed that underground cabling has higher costs for construction and implementation of physical structures, costs for purchasing inputs, civil works, installations, but in the long term its savings and safety advantages are unquestionable. On the other hand, despite the initial advantage of airlines, of much lower construction and implementation costs for physical structures, they concentrate higher costs related to operation and maintenance. This is because they operate with a certain instability, directly associated with climatic conditions, causing unpredictable interruptions in the energy supply and may result in various costs to be borne by individuals, companies in general and industries, both to cover necessary maintenance costs arising from the adversity. of time, as well as to support losses resulting from loss of food that requires conservation in refrigerators and freezers, as well as losses resulting from interruptions in production activities. One way to guarantee the economic viability of these projects, with greater viability for large cities, is the union between service providers and governments, not only in sharing the costs involved, which are highly high, but also in the temporal integration of projects. The construction of an underground structure represents a valuable opportunity for modernizing structures, not only for public and private companies that provide public energy services, but also for water service providers, with their pipes and for telephone and internet service providers. , via optical cables. Grades: ¹ The extruded plastic profile is manufactured using an extruder machine that melts granulated plastics, normally from recycling processes. In this machine, the plastic is melted through a cylinder that is heated by electrical resistance. ² The Joule Effect is the transformation of electrical energy into thermal energy when electric current passes through a conductor. Sources: THE UTILITY WEEK EVENT. Digging 32km of 'Power Tunnels' beneath London . Available at < https://utilityweek.co.uk/digging-32km-of-power-tunnels-beneath-london/ > Accessed on March 23, 2024. CLIMATE ADAPT. Replacing overhead lines with underground cables in Finland . Available at < https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/metadata/case-studies/replacing-overhead-lines-with-underground-cables-in-finland > Accessed on March 21, 2024. LESUR, Frédéric. Power Grid International. Why underground cables are a better long-term choice for utilities . Available at < https://www.power-grid.com/td/why-underground-cables-are-a-better-long-term-choice-for-utilities/#gref > Accessed on March 21, 2024. MACPHEE, Brian. Quora. Available at < https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-UK-power-lines-underground > Accessed on March 22, 2024. PATEL, Prachi. IEEE Spectrum . London's Hidden Cable Tunnels Could Warm Thousands of Homes . Available at < https://spectrum.ieee.org/londons-hidden-cable-tunnels-could-warm-thousands-of-homes > Accessed on March 23, 2024. SCENIC AMERICA . Undergrounding Utility Infrastructure: Burying Utilities for Safety, Resiliency, and Scenic Beauty . Available at < https://www.scenic.org/why-scenic-conservation/energy-infrastructure-and-equity/undergrounding-utility-infrastructure/ > Accessed on March 21, 2024. TRASGRID . Powering Sydney's Future . Available at < https://www.transgrid.com.au/projects-innovation/powering-sydney-s-future > Accessed on March 21, 2024.

The fun and futuristic cartoon “The Jetsons”, from the studio Hanna-Barbera Productions, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, was released on September 23, 1962, already with prominence. It was the first TV series broadcast in color by a TV station, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). It was ahead of its time for several reasons, including that, at that time, only 3% of the North American public owned color televisions. The series The Jetsons was about the life of the Jetsons family who lived in the year 2062 and the future was presented to us: urban transport through flying vehicles, suspended cities, automated work, robots as domestic servants, video conferences, among other situations. This touched the fantasy and imagination of children and adults, precisely because it portrayed a world that did not exist, a science fiction world. 63 years after the cartoon The Jetsons, the startup Archer Aviation , responsible for developing the innovative Midnight , an electric eVTOL vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, aims to make urban transport a reality through eVTOL flying vehicles, which take off, land and hover vertically like a helicopter. Archer's Midnight eVTOL aircraft. (Photo: Business Wire) Archer Aviation's Director of Safety, Billy Nolen, stated at the Dubai Airshow that there is a possibility of the Midnight arriving on the market as early as next year, in 2025, which depends on regulatory approval by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). . It is worth mentioning that, last year, Midnight received its Special Airworthiness Certificate from the FAA, which paved the way for it to begin test flight operations, having recently completed this first phase. Archer Aviation is one of several companies developing eVTOL. However, the consensus is that Archer and Joby Aviation are the two companies that are furthest along in their development. The first phase of construction of the Archer factory, in Covington, Georgia, USA, is scheduled to end in 2024, with the installation of 350,000 square feet, equivalent to 32,516 m² that will be able to produce 600 aircraft per year. However, Archer will not be able to use its facilities to their full potential until it obtains FAA type certification for Midnight. This validates the design of the aircraft and its components, in compliance with strict safety standards. Midnight has a flight range of approximately 100 miles/160 km, which can be completed on a single charge. but it is optimized for shorter consecutive flights of around 20 miles or 32 km, with 10 minutes of charging between trips, via plug-in. A maximum cruising speed of 150 mph, equivalent to 240 km/h, transitions to cruising at a speed of around 100 mph or 160 km/h. Midnight is powered by six independent batteries, each supporting a pair of electric motors (2 Magidrive EPUs). Midnight is configured to operate with one pilot and up to four passengers and luggage. The Midnight not only stands out for its speed and sustainability, but also for its design - the aircraft has 12 electric propellers, a high main wing, a V-tail and a tricycle landing gear with fixed wheels, thus promising its passengers greater safety and less noise compared to conventional helicopters. Archer's Midnight aircraft won the Muse 2023 Transportation Design of the Year award. The MUSE Design Awards is an international design competition dedicated to recognizing outstanding and original design work from around the world. Archer's team of design professionals is led by Julien Montousse, former head of design at Mazda North America; Niki Smart, who redesigned the Cadillac vehicle at General Motors; and Greg Warmsley, former executive creative director at Mazda. Midnight is recommended for mobility in urban areas. The commercial intention is to use it mainly as a flying taxi, to travel from airports to city centers, but with the possibility of also carrying out tourist tours, among other applications. The business model calls for reservations for shared rides, with initial passenger costs estimated at $4 and $5 per mile, gradually decreasing over the following years. Nikhil Goel, Chief Commercial Officer, Archer Aviation, highlighted the zero-emission and sustainable nature of Midnight. With noise levels approximately 100 times lower than conventional helicopters, Archer envisions a solution that aligns with the evolving scenario of smart cities. Archer Aviation plans to launch commercial air taxi routes in major US cities such as New York and Chicago with its partner United Airlines in 2025, with international operations launching in Dubai and Abu Dhabi the following year. United x Archer – Meet Midnight The arrival of Midnight, among other flying urban transport vehicles that are in development, will partially turn into reality the futuristic scenes from The Jetsons broadcast on ABC TV in 1962, as, in addition to the flying vehicle that we are waiting for soon, Video conferencing, automated work, robots in a clear process of improvement are a reality, however, the suspended city of The Jetsons is not part of current reality and visible scenarios. - Would it be a failure in Hanna-Barbera's visionary capacity? - It's too early to say that! - Have you forgotten that there are still 38 years to go until we reach the year 2062, which was introduced to us by The Jetsons?   Sources: AFRICANNEWS . Flying Taxis: Archer Aviation's Vision for Urban Air Mobility Takes Flight . By Afolake Oyinloye and Agencies. Available at: < https://www.africanews.com/2023/11/16/flying-taxis-archer-aviations-vision-for-urban-air-mobility-takes-flight/ > Accessed on 09.mar.2024 . AIRFRAMER. Aircraft Program. Archer Maker eVTOL . Available at: < https://www.airframer.com/aircraft_detail.html?model=ArchereVTOL > Accessed on March 10, 2024. ARCHER AVIATION INC. Midnight . Available at: < https://archer.com/midnight > Accessed on 03/10/2024. BUSINESS AIR NEWS. Archer scores Transportation Design of the Year for Midnight . Available at: < https://www.businessairnews.com/mag_story.html?ident=29621 > Accessed on: March 10, 2024. CARLSEN, Courtney. THE MOTLEY FOOL. Where Will Archer Aviation Be in 1 Year? Available at: < https://www.fool.com/investing/2024/02/27/where-will-archer-aviation-be-in-1-year/ > Accessed on March 10, 2024. DOMINGUES, Joelza Ester. Teaching History Blog . “The Jetsons”, the first color television show . Available at < https://ensinarhistoria.com.br/linha-do-tempo/ Primeiro-programa-de-televisao-colorido-the-jetsons/ > Accessed on 09.mar.2024. FUTURE FLIGHT. WEITERING, Hanneke. Archer Revs Up Flight Tests With Midnight Evtol Air Taxi. Available at: < https://www.futureflight.aero/news-article/2024-02-02/archer-revs-flight-tests-midnight-evtol-air-taxi > Accessed on: March 11, 2024. THE ARSENALE. Pioneering Sustainable Urban Mobility With Archer Aviation. Available at: < https://thearsenale.com/blogs/magazine/pioneering-sustainable-urban-mobility-with-archer-aviation > Accessed on: March 11, 2024. WIKIPEDIA. The Jetsons . Available at: < https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jetsons#:~:text=O%20primeiro%20estreou%20em%2023,in%C3%ADcio%20da%20d%C3%A9cada%20de%201960).%3E > Accessed on: 09.mar.2024.